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In the past week, Keir Starmer has unveiled a tougher immigration plan, one he says is essential to managing the influx of asylum seekers arriving in the UK. The proposal is heavily inspired by the so-called Danish model, often called “negative nation-branding,” in which the state makes itself a less attractive destination for asylum seekers by implementing much stricter protections. This model is not reformative; it acts as a deterrent for asylum seekers. For Starmer, this is an interesting move, as he is claiming the political territory that often belongs to right-wing parties. Some see this move as a tactical response to the growing appeal of Nigel Farage’s Reform Party.
This is a difficult policy problem that Labour are facing. Immigration is one of the top issues for voters, but it is also one of the most complex to solve. An issue whereby global instability collides with domestic politics, and one where priority can only be given to either the economy or human rights, not both at the same time.
Denmark’s experience could help to offer both a blueprint and a warning. Under Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen of the Social Democrats, immigration policy was tightened. A key feature of this model is that asylum is temporary. Refugees generally receive short-term residence permits and can apply for permanent residency after 8 years. Following this period, their ability to stay is assessed based on the stability of their country of origin. If the country of any asylum seeker is deemed stable, return is mandatory.
This policy reflects an opposition to the idea of long-term integration.
Denmark has also come under fire for its controversial “jewellery tax” in 2016, allowing government officials to confiscate valuables and cash from incoming asylum seekers to cover their living costs in the country. Starmer would adopt a similar plan. Under his new policy, refugees arriving in the UK can no longer access permanent settlement after five years; instead, the waiting period is stretched to 20 years. Additionally, initial residency would be limited to 30 months. In parallel with the Danish system, if the asylum seeker’s country of origin is deemed safe, they would need to return.
The threat of these potential consequences is shown in the backlash from Labour members themselves. Up to 20 Labour MPs openly criticised the plan as an imitation of the “fascist rhetoric of the far right”. A move away from traditional centre-left ideology, and instead a capitulation to right-wing populism. This policy stalemate raises questions about what Labour stands for.
Ultimately, Starmer’s decision reflects a wider struggle, compromising European politics: can centre-left parties retain moral credibility on immigration while answering electorates demanding tougher controls?
Edited by Rida Ali
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